How many genders are there in human

This is why millions of individuals do not conform to the two gender types that characterize the immense majority of humans, namely the female type two X chromosomes, ovaries, anatomical features favoring pregnancy and fetal development, breasts, and so on and the male type one X and one Y chromosome, a penis and testicles, internal ducts for the transportation of urine and sperm, etc.

The diversity of forms of sexual development and the atypical types that occur are striking, whether of chromosomal, hormonal or environmental origin caused by chemical products that disturb the endocrine system or by drugs taken during pregnancy, for instance. Furthermore, there is a strong risk of tumors gonadoblastomas developing in their gonads ovaries and testicles. In addition to these examples, there are many other intermediate phenotypes in which both male and female sexual characteristics coexist in the same individual.

Thus, XX babies with congenital adrenal hyperplasia androgenic hyperproduction are born with female reproductive organs and masculinized external genitalia a hypertrophied clitoris resembling a small penis, fusion of the labia majora covering the vaginal entrance.

Whatever their origin, all of these anomalies show that intersex traits cover a vast range of biomedical conditions varying in frequency and severity, and that the precise number of different biological sexes among humans is in reality a complex issue. It is generally held that there are no simple answers to this question.

Based on the sole criterion of production of reproductive cells, there are two and only two sexes: the female sex, capable of producing large gametes ovules , and the male sex, which produces small gametes spermatozoa.

However, this gonadic criterion based upon reproductive glands is not the only factor on which the definition of biological gender rests. We must also consider genetic sex based on X and Y chromosomes , anatomical based on the appearance of the genitalia , hormonal gender based on the predominant hormones , and so on. We may thus conclude that an infinite combination of biological genders exists So is there really a practically unlimited number of biological sexes? March by the collective Existrans—which advocates for the rights of transgender and intersex people—in Paris on the 17 October In other words, the different levels of biological sex do not all fall into place at the same point in life.

But why has biology taken all this time to finally recognize that the existence of multiple sexes is normal? Until recently, the overarching assumption was that babies are born as girls because they do not possess certain male genes, and that the Y chromosome play a crucial role in sex determination.

Indeed, the genetic processes involved in female development have been the subject of increasing numbers of studies, and biology, now less androcentric, recognizes multiple levels of gradation between the typical female form and the typical male form. However, many observers continue to view intersex as an error in nature, and even a pathological monstrosity.

Philippe Testard-Vaillant is a journalist. He lives and works in south-eastern France. There are many different types of sexuality.

Learn more about the common types of sexualities, their definitions, and where to seek support here. Female-to-male gender-affirming surgery may involve the creation of a new penis.

Learn more about what to expect from different forms of this surgery…. Transgender men face a number of mental health concerns.

Working past personal and societal stigmas may help them access care and find the support…. Learn more about nonbinary identities…. What are some different types of gender identity? Definition of gender identity Gender as a spectrum Types of gender identity Support Summary Gender is different than sex.

What is gender identity? Gender identity and the spectrum. What are some different gender identities? Where can a person find support? Latest news Could 'cupping' technique boost vaccine delivery? Scientists identify new cause of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes. Adolescent depression: Could school screening help? Related Coverage.

What are different types of sexualities? What to know about female-to-male surgery. To many it was the death of grammar. To others it was the grammar of death. Death to the privatization of knowledge and power online. A superfluid cipher that could be applied to a multitude of languages.

Traces of this rebellion are found in the title treatment to the documentary, Queen of the Underground , starring Ms. Saint Laurent. This stylistic hack brings a new logic into the typographic vernacular, effectively bringing an endless variation of forms into a cohesive whole.

A full transition in the subjective sense is to adjust the body as much as is necessary for that individual. Sometimes, the adjustments will go as far as is possible toward the other gender majority, but those whose Transtalents are particularly strong will still identify as Trans.

In this sense, Trans-identifying individuals do not succumb to the societal pressure to be passable as either Female or Male. It is not necessary to pick a fixed point.

For many, the transition is fluid and ongoing. When I was a kid, I had an alphabet book that illustrated each letter as a person. They were dressed in clothes, wore shoes, and carried accessories. Most of them were dressed for a day at the office, and were dressed as either a Male or a Female. A completely arbitrary gender assigned to each letter of the alphabet by the illustrator.

Seeing each letter existing as one end of a gender binary gave me a complex. It made me see gender in places that I had not before.

Everything became arbitrarily gendered. It was a similarly puzzling exercise to choose a typeface with any meaningful representation of a trans experience. As arbitrary as an illustrator assigning each letter of the alphabet a gender.

So I ended up just going with my very first try, Avenir Next Heavy. A gender Nonconformist is an individual who describes themselves as not gendered—maintaining the potential to subscribe but actively refusing to do so. Often these individuals hold strong political beliefs that gender does not exist or that it is a social construct that can be ignored. Many individuals in this category seek to adjust their appearance to reflect their non-gendered status by, for instance, removing their breasts or wearing gender-neutral clothing.

My first type design project was based on the characters I found in 18 th- and 19th-century missionary bibles. For my research I requested the Ngoni, Xhosa, and Zulu bibles, along with The Negro English Bible, a translation of the scriptures into a pidgin dialect used at that time between the British and number of tribes in the region of Southern Africa. As I traced the letterforms, researching approximate typefaces, what I thought would be a lesson in conventions became an exploration of the contradictions in the forms of certain characters.

It was these deviations that aided in asserting the identity of the typeface, and distinguished it from the others. This interests me less as a design technique or answer but as a question around the gaps between our languages and the capacity for the predetermined set of 26 characters to reconcile them.

Often times I feel most articulate when speaking mispronounced broken vernacular. An exercise that began with a goal to faithfully redraw these colonial typefaces ended as a lesson in transgression, which is perhaps where identity becomes visible. Nontsikelelo Mutiti is a Zimbabwean visual artist working across geographies and disciplines. Oscar engenders himself with his own name and pronoun of choice. A Personal gendered individual relies only on their self to be validated as such. Towards the personal.

Towards the individual, self-defining, authentic re-mixing of all the codifiers. You sense its proper posture, its understated decorum, the worn-in button-up shirt. Or Diote, with its square shoulders and soft curves, an Eighties icon without the teased hair. Not an absence of gender, but an irrelevance that embraces the particular.

Embraces function.